Vedas, scripture (second and first mil. BCE)
Upanishads, scripture (c. 900-500 BCE)
Kanada (Vaisheshika Sutra), philosophy (c. 500-100 BCE)
Mahabharata, epic (c. 400 BCE and after)
Ramayana of Valmiki, epic (c. 200 BCE)
Bhagavad Gita, religion/philosophy/scripture (c. 100 BCE-100 CE)
Institutes of Manu, law (c. 200 BCE-200 CE)
Patanjali (Yoga Sutras), philosophy/practice (c. 300)
The Samkhyakarika of Ishvara Krishna, philosophy (c. 350)
Vedanta-sutras, philosophy (c. 780-820)
Theravada Buddhism:
The Tipitaka, scripture (c. 500 BCE-100 CE)
The Dhammapada, scripture (c. 300 BCE)
The Mahasatipatthana Sutta (Discourse on the Foundations of Mindfulness), scripture (c. 20 BCE)
The Milindapanha (The Questions of King Milinda), scripture (c. 100)
Mahayana Buddhism:
Lotus Sutra, scripture (c. 50 BCE-150 CE)
The Prajnaparamita (Heart and Diamond Sutras), scripture (c. 100 BCE-400 CE)
The Srimaladevisimhanada (The Lion's Roar of King Srimala), scripture (c. 200-300)
The Sukhavativyuha Sutras, scripture (c. 100-400)
Nagarjuna (The Philosophy of the Middle Way), philosophy (c.150-250)
The Lankavatara Sutra, scripture (c. 350-400)
The Bodyicaryavatara of Shantideva (Entering the Path of Enlightenment), scripture (c. 650)
Kalidasa, drama (c. 400)
The Little Clay Cart of Shudraka, romance (c. 400)
Ānandavardhana (Dhvanyāloka, or "A Light on Suggestion"), philosophy (c. 820-890)
The Gitagovinda of Jayadeva, devotional poetry (c. 1100-1200)
Pancatantra, fables (c. 1200)
Rabindranath Tagore, poetry and drama (1861-1941)
Mohandas Gandhi (Autobiography), reformer (1869-1948)
[A Sourcebook in Indian Philosophy, edited by Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Charles A. Moore, Princeton University Press]